The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.